This work considers the issue of ski sport terminology. Skiing in areas with snowy winters is one of the main and most popular sports. It is included in the physical education programs of secondary schools, technical schools, universities, and is included in the RLD (Ready for Labour and Defense) complex.
The present paper is devoted to the analysis of ski sport terms.
The relevance of the study is due to the fact that ice ski sport is popular and its terms need to be analyzed.
The purpose of the study is to analyze basic ski sport terms.
Terminology is by right called a phenomenon of modernity. This is not only of professional human activity, but also part of cultural, political, economic life of a certain country, an integral part of traditions, self-awareness of the people. Not by chance ski sport terminology phenomenon is in the spotlight of specialists of various scientific fields including linguists for whom language of sport is of particular interest, in particular its terminology.
Terminology is a set of terms used in a certain field of knowledge, and a term is a word or phrase that is the name of a certain concept of a field of science, technology, art, sport and so on [2, p.14].
For clearer perception and proper understanding of sport concepts, it is necessary to understand highly specialized definitions of concepts, elements and tactics. Therefore, ski sport terms will be considered below to denote basic elements.
The importance of skiing is determined by its impact on the health of those involved, the wide development of physical, moral and volitional qualities, the instillation of vital motor skills and abilities.
The educational value of skiing is also essential. In the process of training, the skier acquires new knowledge, skills and abilities related to the technique of skiing, training patterns, hygiene, etc.
In training and competition, it becomes necessary to know the terminology of skiing.
Ski classification
Skiing combines several independent types: racing, ski jumping, Nordic combined, biathlon, alpine skiing (slalom, giant slalom, downhill, speed downhill, alpine skiing all-around).
Types of skiing include individual ways of skiing and individual techniques. The systematization of the types of skiing that have developed in sport practice, the ways of skiing and individual techniques of technology, as well as dividing them into groups, allows: - imagine what types of skiing are made up of; - to determine the relationship of various exercises; - facilitate the mastery of the classification; - state the ways of skiing in order.
Definitions, terms and concepts of skiing technique
In the biomechanical analysis of skiing techniques, a number of concepts, terms and definitions are used that allow to correctly understand and evaluate the actions of an athlete in training and improving the technique of skiing. These terms and concepts characterize various elements and details of movements.
Skier landing is a working posture in which movements are performed in various modes of movement. The depth of the skier's landing is determined primarily by the degree of flexion in the hip, knee and ankle joints.
Common center of body mass is the point of interaction of all forces that arise during the performance of dynamic exercises (skiing, imitation of skiing, etc.).
Common center of gravity is the point of application of the gravity of the body parts resulting from it. Determining the position of the of the skier's body is important in the analysis of the technique of descents from slopes (descent racks).
Center of body surface is the point of application of the resultant forces of the action of the medium (air resistance). The center of the surface depends on the posture of the skier.
Movement system is a natural combination of individual movements of a skier into a single whole. For example, when skiing in an alternating two-step course, the movements of the hands are connected with each other.
General structure of movements – regular ways of combining elements of movements in skiing. There are: kinematic structures – the consistency of movements in space and time, they allow you to study the outer side of the moves (the form of movements); dynamic structures - patterns of force interaction of the skier's body parts and equipment with the external environment and support, they are studied by the interaction of forces (external and internal) when skiing; information structures - regularities of interconnections in motion control.
Cycle of movements is a regular alternation of movement elements that form an integral motor action, which is repeated many times when moving on skis (a relatively closed circuit of movements).
Cycle length is the distance (in meters) covered by the skier's body in a cycle. In practice, the length of the cycle can be determined by the distance between the places of repulsion with the same foot or hand (for example, along the trail of a push with a stick in the snow).
Cycle duration is the time (in seconds) during which all movements in the cycle are performed, and the skier returns to the starting position. Any position in the stroke cycle can be taken as a reference point.
Rhythm of movements is a regular alternation of elements of movement strictly defined in duration. The rhythm is judged by the duration of the individual phases of movements in the stroke cycle and by their ratio, while the duration of the phases also reflects the nature of the efforts in them.
Lunge is a continuation of the leg swing, after its passing the supporting leg.
Lunge length is the distance (in centimeters) between the feet at the moment the push ski leaves the snow. Distinguish, depending on the speed of the swing, a timely lunge, leading and lagging.
Sliding friction coefficient is the ratio of the friction force directed in the opposite direction to the force of normal pressure.
A unified terminology makes it possible to develop training manuals, programs, various methodological materials without conflicting interpretations and facilitates the process of learning and training.
Список литературы
- Антонова О.Н., Кузнецов В.С. Методики специальной подготовки лыжников-гонщиков. - М.: Академия, 2014. – 208 с.
- Лейчик, В. М. Терминоведение: Предмет, методы, структура [Текст] / В. М. Лейчик. - М. : Книжный дом ЛИБРОКОМ», 2009. - 256 с.